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Εμφάνιση αναρτήσεων με ετικέτα εσχατολογία. Εμφάνιση όλων των αναρτήσεων

Τετάρτη 25 Φεβρουαρίου 2026

Η Προς Εβραίους στη νεότερη έρευνα: από τη μεταφορά στο σύμβολο/Hebrews in Recent Scholarship: From Metaphor to Symbol

 W. Eisele, " 'Bessere Theologie!' Der Hebräerbrief in der neueren Forschung," Theologische Revue 121 (Februar 2026)

https://doi.org/10.17879/thrv-2026-9345

Στο τρέχον τεύχος του Theologische Revue o W. Eisele συζητά τις τάσεις που παρατηρούνται στην έρευνα της Προς Εβραίους, όπως αυτές αποτυπώνονται σε μονογραφίες και διατριβές που εκδόθηκαν κατά τα τελευταία χρόνια. Το άρθρο του που χαρακτηρίζεται από ευρυμάθεια και οξυδέρκεια αναδεικνύει τα σημαντικά ερωτήματα που προκύπτουν από τη θεολογία της επιστολής· τι σημαίνει η αυτοθυσία του Ιησού, ποια είναι η σχέση της σταυρικής θυσίας με το ουράνιο θυσιαστήριο, και πώς η διάκριση μεταξύ συμβόλου και μεταφοράς επηρεάζει την ερμηνεία της επιστολής. 

Το άρθρο χωρίζεται σε πέντε μεγάλες ενότητες. Στην πρώτη ο Eisele συζητά τη διάκριση μεταξύ της μεταφοράς και του συμβόλου. Η μεταφορά μεταφέρει εικόνες από μια πτυχή της πραγματικότητας σε μίαν άλλη. Το σύμβολο εισέρχεται στο βάθος της πραγματικότητας, μιας πραγματικότητας που δε μπορεί να εκφραστεί αλλιώς κι υπερβαίνει την ανθρώπινη αντίληψη. Αυτή η διάκριση έχει μεγάλη σημασία για την ερμηνεία της Προς Εβραίους. Αν τα «ουράνια» στοιχεία της επιστολής (το αγιαστήριο, η προσφορά, η εισαγωγή στα Άγια των Αγίων) είναι απλές μεταφορές, τότε ο αναγνώστης πρέπει να βρει πίσω τους μια «κανονική» ιστορική ή ανθρωπολογική πραγματικότητα — για παράδειγμα, τον σταυρό ως ιστορικό γεγονός. Αν όμως είναι σύμβολα, τότε η εικόνα του ουράνιου αρχιερέα δεν «σημαίνει» απλώς τον σταυρό· τον φανερώνει στη βαθύτερη, αληθινότερη διάστασή του, εκείνη που ο ανθρώπινος νους δεν μπορεί να συλλάβει αλλιώς. Ο ίδιος ο Eisele τάσσεται σαφώς υπέρ μιας «συμβολικής» ανάγνωσης — αν και συνεχίζει να αφήνει ανοιχτά ερωτήματα, με την ειλικρίνεια που αρμόζει σε σοβαρό μελετητή. 

Στο δεύτερο μέρος παρουσιάζει την τρέχουσα συζήτηση για τη σωτηριολογία της επιστολής. Εδώ ο Eisele σχολιάζει δύο διδακτορικές διατριβές — του Bobby Jamieson (Cambridge 2019) και του Christian Lustig (Tübingen 2023) — οι οποίες καταλήγουν σε ακριβώς αντίθετα συμπεράσματα ως προς τη σχέση του σταυρικού θανάτου, της Ανάστασης και του ουράνιου θυσιαστηρίου. Μόνο αν αποδεχτούμε ότι ο Εβρ χρησιμοποιεί συμβολική γλώσσα για να εκφράσει μια πολυδιάστατη πραγματικότητα στην οποία χρόνος και αιωνιότητα «αλληλοπεριχωρούνται», η ένταση μεταξύ αυτών των δύο πραγματικοτήτων αίρεται — ή τουλάχιστον μεταφέρεται σε διαφορετικό επίπεδο.

Στις νεότερες μελέτες για την εσχατολογία της επιστολής η παλαιότερη αντίθεση μεταξύ αποκαλυπτικής και μεσοπλατωνικής κατανόησης φαίνεται να αμβλύνεται. Αυτό τουλάχιστον προκύπτει από τη μελέτη της Elena Belenkaja (Baden Baden 2024), όπου υποστηρίζεται ότι η χρονική και χωρική διάσταση συμπλέκονται. Ο Eisele παρατηρεί ότι στην επιστολή κυριαρχεί ο χωρικός/κάθετος άξονας (γη-ουρανός) και ο χρονικός/οριζόντιος ορίζοντας (τώρα/τα ερχόμενα) λειτουργεί παραπληρωματικά. Η παρατήρησή του εδώ είναι σημαντική: το ερώτημα για τον Εβρ δεν είναι πότε θα επέλθει η σωτηρία, αλλά πού βρισκόμαστε ήδη (βλ. Εβρ 12:22). 

Στην τέταρτη ενότητα ο Eisele παρουσιάζει την ενδιαφέρουσα μελέτη της Madison Pierce (Cambridge 2020) η οποία προτείνει μία "προσωπολογική ερμηνεία" (prosopological exegesis).  Ο συγγραφέας της επιστολής παραθέτει τα παλαιοδιαθηκικά κείμενα ως ζωντανό λόγο — του Πατέρα, του Υιού ή του Αγίου Πνεύματος — και αποδεικνύει ότι αυτή η ερμηνευτική μέθοδος συγκροτεί έναν εσωτερικό θεολογικό διάλογο που προαναγγέλλει τη μεταγενέστερη Τριαδολογία χωρίς να την «επιβάλλει» αναχρονιστικά. Αυτή η ερμηνευτική προσέγγιση φαίνεται να σχετίζεται και με την αρχαία χριστιανική ερμηνευτική και θα είχε ενδιαφέρον η σύνδεσή της με παραλλαγές της στην πατερική γραμματεία. 

Στην τελευταία ενότητα ο Eisele συζητά κατά πόσο η Εβρ έχει αντι-ιουδαϊκό περιεχόμενο. Ο συγγραφέας της επιστολής αναγνωρίζει μόνο ένα λαό του Θεού — από τον Άβελ μέχρι τους αποδέκτες της επιστολής — και χρησιμοποιεί τη λατρεία του Σινά όχι για να υποβαθμίσει τον Ισραήλ, αλλά για να δείξει ότι η νέα διαθήκη «υπερβαίνει» (και δεν «ακυρώνει») τη λατρεία και την λατρευτική πράξη του Ισραήλ. Ο όποιος αντι-ιουδαϊσμός είναι θέμα ερμηνείας μεταγενέστερων ερμηνευτών και δε χαρακτηρίζει την επιστολή. 

Εν κατακλείδι, αυτό που προκύπτει μέσα από το κείμενο του Eisele είναι η ανάγκη να ακούσουμε την πρόσκληση του Ε. Gräßer στο υπόμνημά του για την επιστολή (1990) η οποία μέχρι σήμερα παραμένει ανοιχτή: χρειαζόμαστε «καλύτερη θεολογία» — όχι απλώς καλύτερες μεθόδους, αλλά βαθύτερη ερμηνευτική συνείδηση για το τι μας ζητά ένα κείμενο που μιλά για πραγματικότητες που «υπερβαίνουν την ανθρώπινη αντίληψη», όπως λέει ο ίδιος ο Eisele — και που ωστόσο δεν μπορούν να ειπωθούν παρά μόνο με εικόνες.

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[ENG

 W. Eisele, " 'Bessere Theologie!' Der Hebräerbrief in der neueren Forschung," Theologische Revue 121 (Februar 2026)

https://doi.org/10.17879/thrv-2026-9345

In the current issue of Theologische Revue, W. Eisele discusses the trends in recent scholarship on the Epistle to the Hebrews, as reflected in monographs and dissertations published over the past several years. His article, marked by both erudition and critical acuity, brings into sharp focus the central questions raised by the theology of the epistle: What does the self-offering of Jesus mean? What is the relationship between the sacrifice on the cross and the heavenly sanctuary? And how does the distinction between symbol and metaphor shape the interpretation of the letter?

The article is organized into five major sections.

In the first, Eisele discusses the distinction between metaphor and symbol. A metaphor transfers images from one dimension of reality to another. A symbol, by contrast, penetrates to the depth of reality — a reality that cannot be expressed otherwise and that exceeds human perception and understanding. This distinction carries considerable weight for the interpretation of Hebrews. If the "heavenly" elements of the epistle (the sanctuary, the offering, the entrance into the Holy of Holies) are mere metaphors, then the reader must find behind them a "plain" historical or anthropological reality — for example, the cross as a historical event. If, however, they are symbols, then the image of the heavenly high priest does not simply "stand for" the cross; it reveals the cross in its deeper, truer dimension — one that the human mind cannot grasp in any other way. Eisele himself clearly aligns with a "symbolic" reading, while continuing to leave certain questions open, with the honesty that befits a serious scholar.

The second section presents the current debate on the soteriology of the epistle. Here Eisele engages with two doctoral dissertations — by Bobby Jamieson (Cambridge 2019) and Christian Lustig (Tübingen 2023) — which arrive at diametrically opposed conclusions regarding the relationship between the death on the cross, the Resurrection, and the heavenly sanctuary. It is possible that, if we accept that Hebrews employs symbolic language to express a multidimensional reality in which time and eternity mutually interpenetrate, the tension between these two positions is dissolved — or at least relocated to a different level of inquiry.

In the more recent studies on the eschatology of the epistle, the older opposition between an apocalyptic and a Middle Platonic reading appears to be softening. This at least is the conclusion that emerges from Elena Belenkaja's study (Baden-Baden 2024), which argues that the temporal and spatial dimensions are interwoven. Eisele observes that in the epistle the spatial/vertical axis (earth–heaven) is dominant, while the temporal/horizontal horizon (now/the things to come) functions in a supplementary role. His observation here is significant: the question for Hebrews is not when salvation will come, but where we already stand — "you have come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God" (Heb 12:22).

In the fourth section, Eisele presents the thought-provoking study of Madison Pierce (Cambridge 2020), which proposes a "prosopological interpretation" (prosopological exegesis). The author of the epistle introduces Old Testament texts as living speech — of the Father, the Son, or the Holy Spirit — and demonstrates that this hermeneutical method constitutes an internal theological dialogue that anticipates later Trinitarian theology without anachronistically "imposing" it. This interpretive approach appears to be related to early Christian hermeneutics more broadly, and a comparison with its parallels in patristic literature would be well worth pursuing.

In the final section, Eisele examines whether Hebrews carries anti-Jewish content. The author of the epistle recognizes only one people of God — from Abel to the recipients of the letter — and draws on the Sinai cult not to diminish Israel, but to show that the new covenant "surpasses" (without "nullifying") the worship and liturgical practice of Israel. Whatever anti-Judaism exists is a matter of later interpretation and does not characterize the epistle itself.

In conclusion, what emerges from Eisele's article is the urgency of heeding the invitation extended by E. Gräßer in his commentary on the epistle (1990) — an invitation that remains open to this day: we need "better theology" — not merely better methods, but a deeper hermeneutical awareness of what a text demands of us when it speaks of realities that "exceed human perception," as Eisele himself puts it — realities that can nonetheless be expressed only through images.

Τετάρτη 4 Φεβρουαρίου 2026

Filología neotestamentaria 38[58] (2025)

 Filología neotestamentaria 38[58] (2025)

  • Stanley E. Porter, "Verbal Aspect and Process Types in Ancient Greek from a Systemic Functional Linguistic Standpoint (Part TWO)," 3-26 (abstract)
  • Jenny Read-Heimerdinger, "Linguistic Tools for Identifying the Structure of the Gospel of John," 27-46 (abstract)
  • Chrys C. Caragounis, "Words that Do not Mean what They Say," 47-61 (abstract
  • John A. L. Lee, "An Ingenious Greek Construction in the Septuagint and the New Testament," 63-75 (abstract)
  • Peter R. Rodgers, "Papyrus 75 and Papyrus 4 Reconsidered," 77-88 (abstract)
  • Stanley E. Porter, "Developments in Greek Language Studies: A Review Article," 89-118 (abstract)
  • David Pastorelli, "History of the Text and Johannine Exegesis: Jn 13.14 as Test Case," 119-143 (abstract)
  • Simon Gathercole, "Lexicography of Ένίστημι and the Eschatology of 1 Corinthians 7.25-26 and 2 Thessalonians 2.1-2," 145-186 (abstract)
  • Yan Ma, "The Meaning of Σώφρων in the Pastoral Epistles: A Lexical Semantic Analysis," 187-199 (abstract)

Τρίτη 3 Φεβρουαρίου 2026

Journal of Early Christian History 15/3 (2025)

 Journal of Early Christian History 15/3 (2025)

  • James Alan Schetelich, "Disability as Narrative Prosthesis in John Chrysostom’s Homilies on John 9," : 1-16 (abstract)
  • Ninnaku Oberholzer, "Surrounded by Wolves: A Reparative Visual Criticism of Susanna (LXX Daniel 13) in Text and Early Christian Art," 17-39 (OA)
  • Joshua Joel Spoelstra, "Truth Concealed: The Crux Interpretum for Deception in Tobit and Judith," 40-54 (OA)
  • Rantoa Letsosa & Daniel Orogun, "Between the Cross and the Parousia Consummation: An Analysis of Paul’s Love Ethics and Its Contemporary Lessons," 55-78 (OA)

Κυριακή 4 Σεπτεμβρίου 2022

Το τρέχον τεύχος του JSNT / The current issue of JSNT

Journal for the Study of the New Testament 45/1(2022)

Παρασκευή 10 Σεπτεμβρίου 2021

Στο τρέχον τεύχος του SJTh / In the current issue of SJTh

 Scottish Journal of Theology 74/3 (2021)

Jamie Davies, "Why Paul doesn't mention the ‘age to come’," 199-208 (abstract)

    

Σάββατο 22 Μαΐου 2021

Το τρέχον τεύχος του JSPs / The current issue of JSPs

 Journal for the Study of Pseudepigrapha 30/3 (2021)

  • Claudia D. Bergmann, "Drink and drinking in early Jewish texts: Describing a meal in the World to Come," 117-132 (abstract)
  • Tyler Smith, "Complexes of Emotions in Joseph and Aseneth," 133–155 
  • Trevor Tibbertsma, "Bright ecological wisdom in Baruch 3:33–35,"  156–165 (abstract)
  • Daryl Domning, "Susanna and the Elders: A Hebrew Legend with Egyptian Wordplay?" 166–171 (abstract)

Δευτέρα 11 Ιανουαρίου 2021

Στο τρέχον τεύχος του JECH / In the current issue of JECH

 Journal of Early Christian History 10/1 (2020)

  • Gerhard van den Heever, "New Testament and Early Christian Studies: Theses on Theory and Method," 1-3 
  • John-Christian Eurell, "The Delay of the Parousia and the Changed Function of Eschatological Language," 61-80 (abstract)

Δευτέρα 28 Δεκεμβρίου 2020

Το τρέχον τεύχος του BBR / The current issue fo BBR

 Bulletin of Biblical Research 30/4 (2020)

  • Markus Zehnder, "The Question of the “Divine Status” of the Davidic Messiah," 485-514 (abstract)
  • Steven M. Bryan, "Onomastics and Numerical Composition in the Genealogy of Matthew," 515-539 (abstract)
  • Adam Winn, "'This Generation': Reconsidering Mark 13:30 in Light of Eschatological Expectations in Second Temple Judaism," 540-560 (abstract)
  • David Wallace, "Friendship in Philemon," 561-582 (abstract)

 

Σάββατο 28 Δεκεμβρίου 2019

To τρέχον τεύχος του NovT / The current issue of NovT

Novum Testamentum 62:1 (2020)

  • Keith L. Yoder, "In the Bosom of Abraham: The Name and Role of Poor Lazarus in Luke 16:19–31," 2–24  (abstract)
  • Michael Pope, "Emotions, Pre-emotions, and Jesus’ Comportment in Luke 22:39–42," 25–43 (abstract)
  • J. Andrew Doole, "Did Paul Really Think He Wasn’t Going to Die? Paul, the Parousia, and the First Person Plural in 1 Thess 4:13–18," 44–59 (abstract)
  • Joshua W. Jipp, "The Paul of Acts: Proclaimer of the Hope of Israel or Teacher of Apostasy from Moses?" 60–78 (abstract)
  • Aaron Michael Jensen, "Bounded States, Negation Scope, and the Millennial Reign of the Saints (Revelation 20:4–5)," 79–98 (abstract)
  • Brent Nongbri - Daniel B. Sharp, "Four Newly Identified Fragments of P.Bodmer 14–15 (P75)," 99–106 (abstract)

Πέμπτη 19 Σεπτεμβρίου 2019

Το τρέχον τεύχος του JSJ / The current issue of JSJ

Journal for the Study of Judaism 50:3 (2019)

  • James M. Scott, "Paul’s Comparison of Himself with “the Abortion” (1 Cor 15:8): A Missing Link between the Qumran Book of Giants and the Manichaean Book of Giants," 291-318 (abstract
  • Anthony I. Lipscomb, "She is My Sister”: Sarai as Lady Wisdom in the Genesis Apocryphon," 319–347 (abstract)
  • Shem Miller, "Traditional History and Cultural Memory in the Pesharim," 348–370 (abstract)
  • Bryan R. Dyer, "'Like Phalaris in Every Way': 3 Maccabees and Its Portrait of Tyranny," 371–382 (abstract)
  • Ken M. Penner, "Philo’s Eschatology, Personal and Cosmic," 383–402 (abstract)
  • Ari Finkelstein, "Taking Herod to Task: Source Critical and New Historical Methods of Reading Herod’s Trial," 403–422 (abstract)

Δευτέρα 19 Αυγούστου 2019

Στο τρέχον τεύχος του ExpT / In the current issue of ExpT

Expository Times 130:12 (2019)

Sherri Brown, "Prophetic Endurance and Eschatological Restoration: Exhortation and Conclusion in the Epistle of James," 530–540 (abstract)

Τετάρτη 31 Ιουλίου 2019

Ο πολιτικός κι εσχατολογικός χαρακτήρας του Μεσσιανισμού / Messianism's political and eschatological content

Στην ιστοσελίδα Syndicate και στο πλαίσιο της συζήτησης για το νέο βιβλίο του Matthew Novenson, The Grammar of Messianism, o Aryeh Amihay συζητά τον πολιτικό και εσχατολογικό χαρακτήρα του μεσσιανισμού κι ο Novenson απαντά στις παρατηρήσεις του:

Τετάρτη 19 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018

Στο τρέχον τεύχος του VigChr / In the current issue of VigChr

Vigiliae Christianae 72:4 (2018)

  • James A. Kelhoffer, "Eschatology, Androgynous Thinking, Encratism, and the Question of Anti-Gnosticism in 2 Clement 12 (Part Two)," 352-368 (abstract)
  • Johannes van Oort, "‘Misisti manum tuam ex alto’: Manichaean Imagery of Christ as God’s Hand in Augustine’s Confessions?," 369-389 (abstract)
  • Vito Limone, "Origen’s Explicit References to Aristotle and the Peripateticians," 390-404 (abstract)
  • Brendan Harris, "Irenaeus’s Engagement with Rhetorical Theory in his Exegesis of the Johannine Prologue in Adversus Haereses 1.8.5-1.9.3," 405-420 (abstract)
  • Kimberley A. Fowler, "Reading Gospel of Thomas 100 in the Fourth Century: From Roman Imperialism to Pachomian Concern over Wealth," 421-446 (abstract)

Σάββατο 8 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018

Στο τρέχον τεύχος του PRSt / In the current issue of PRSt

Perspectives in Religious Studies 45:2 (2018)

M. Eugene Boring, "'Jesus’ Call to Decision Implies an Ecclesiology'—The Church in the Theology of the Apocalypse," 113-126
This essay explores Revelation's understanding of the church from three perspectives: (1) laterally—the church in its cultural setting; (2) chronologically—the church in its historical setting; (3) vertically—the church in its transcendent setting. Much like the church of twenty-first century America, the church of Revelation carried on its mission as part of a fragmented church in a pluralistic world. In this situation, it both looked back to its origins and history, and forward to future eschatological vindication. It frames its identity with insight drawn from Scripture, as interpreted in the previous generation of the church's life. Revelation calls the church to understand itself as more than a human institution, for it already participates in the transcendent world of God.

Richard B. Vinson, "The Sea of Glass, the Lake of Fire, and the Topography of Heaven in Revelation," 127–138
The paper investigates Revelation’s use of “sea,” its descriptions of God’s throne room, and its use of temporary and permanent means of punishment to try to answer the question of why there is a sea in heaven, and why it disappears at the end of the narrative. The paper suggest that the sea of glass and the lake of fire, both located in the throne room, are the same entity viewed from different perspectives, and that the author expected both to be destroyed along with the old heaven and earth.

Jerry L. Sumney, "The Role (or Lack thereof) of Christ in the Eschaton in Paul and Revelation," 139–151
This essay compares how the early church saw the role of the risen Christ in the Parousia. It compares a tradition Paul quotes in 1 Cor 15:24-28 with Paul’s own view and the book of Revelation, finding differing views about Christ’s role. Paul’s corrections and qualifications of the tradition he cites indicate that he gives Christ a less active role than the tradition he cites. Similarly, the central section of Revelation envisions a less active role for Christ than either its introductory letters to the seven churches and epilogue or the tradition Paul cites. Both Revelation and Paul have a more theocentric scenario than the tradition Paul cites. It is only in the pre-formed tradition Paul cites that Christ, rather than God, is the one who subdues the powers of evil.

David L. Barr, "Jezebel and the Teachings of Balaam: Anti-Pauline Rhetoric in the Apocalypse of John," 153–165
It is impossible to ignore Paul's influence in Roman Asia Minor; yet John did. Both addressed the issues connected with eating food that had been dedicated to another god, but John seems oblivious to Paul's practices. A literary and social examination of their approaches suggests that they differed on more than menus. Their differences in both lifestyle and worldview were rooted in their attitudes toward those outside. For John, the outside world was corrupt and must be avoided. He would build a wall between his community and those outside (the dogs and idolaters—22:15). For Paul, the outside world was his mission; he sought to claim it and transform it. He would build bridges. This fundamental distrust of the world resulted in (and was supported by) John’s vision, which saw the dramatic, violent, and utter destruction of the present world and the creation of a new heaven and a new earth, a vision quite unlike Paul’s portrayal of the Parousia.

Tina Pippin, "Fire and Fury: Standing with John at the End of the World," 167–182
Prophecy belief holds to both the violent destruction of the earth in the apocalypse, and its subsequent pristine renewal in the New Jerusalem. Scholars of the Book of Revelation have traditionally read this end time text as a positive environmental statement of a God who recreates the world anew after its fiery ending. From Noah (flood) to John (fire), the earth is in the crosshairs of a wrathful deity. In this article I examine the phenomenon of biblical scholars to rehabilitate the environmental violence and destruction in Revelation. I argue that this vision of the future fuels the U.S. nuclear proliferation and policy, and is not a positive message in the context of caring for the environment in the future.

R. Scott Nash, "The Use of the Book of Revelation by Selected Muslim Apocalypticists," 183–198
The year 1987 witnessed an innovation in Muslim apocalyptic writing when Sa’id Ayyub departed from tradition and drew from Christian sources to produce his book Al-Masīh al-Dajjāl, the anti-christ. Numerous Arabic authors began to do the same. The present study examines how three such modern Muslim apocalypticists (Ayuub, Bashir Muhammad ˁAbdallah, and Safar al-Hawali) interpret the book of Revelation. These modern writers are first placed within a stream of Muslim apocalypticism that has its roots in the Qur’an. The study also follows the growth of Muslim apocalyptic in the hadith traditions and the development of apocalyptic end-time scenarios in the middle ages. The article also examines some of the cause for the modern surge in apocalyptic writings by Muslims.

Greg Carey, "What Counts as 'Resistance' in Revelation?" 199–212
Interpreters commonly identify Revelation as “resistance literature,” meaning that Revelation was written in part to undermine Roman hegemony. Yet we deploy the term “resistance” in diverse ways, often contradicting one another without acknowledging our implicit disagreements. This essay assesses diverse ways in which we might imagine resistance and proposes several ways in which Revelation does – and does not – embody resistance. The ancient Jewish and Christian literary apocalypses generally sympathize with violent revolt but hope instead for messianic and/or eschatological salvation. The term hypomonē figures prominently in Revelation, and we should read it in the context of martyria and nikē: the Lamb’s followers conquer the Beast through their persistent testimony. Revelation develops a multi-leveled critique of Rome: through diverse literary techniques it “unveils” the empire’s corruption, idolatry, cruelty, and exploitation, dehumanizing the empire and imagining its destruction. Revelation attributes true glory to the Lamb and the Bride, not the Beast and the Prostitute. Postcolonial critique enables our understanding that Revelation’s empire-critical literary devices do not escape Rome’s rhetoric of domination and destruction.

R. Alan Culpepper, "The Galilee Quest: The Historical Jesus and the Historical Galilee," 213–227
Scholarship on the historical Jesus and scholarship on Galilee in the first century have been moving on converging tracks for the last 35 to 40 years as historical Jesus studies have away moved from the criterion of dissimilarity and toward a new appreciation for the Jewishness of Jesus. At the same time, recent archaeological discoveries have changed our understanding of first-century Galilee. Mark Chancey revised our understanding of the Hellenization and Romanization of Galilee. Morton Hørning Jensen shed new light on the era of Herod Antipas in Galilee, and Mordechai Aviam documented a more nuanced view of life in the towns and villages of Galilee. The result is that the portraits of the historical Jesus advanced by John Dominic Crossan, Richard Horsley, and others must now be revised. After surveying current scholarship on first-century Galilee, this essay concludes with summaries of what seems to be settled, what is trending, and what is still open to debate.

Σάββατο 18 Αυγούστου 2018

Το τρέχον τεύχος του SNTU / The current issue of SNTU

Studien zum Neuen Testament und seiner Umwelt 42 (2017)

Heinz Blatz, "Lagina, Quarnea, Silbea, Potamia und eine Göttertrias? Die Inschrift SEG 49,1706 und das städtische Umfeld der Gemeinde von Thyatira," 5-33
The contribution surveys, translates and examines the inscription SEG 49,1706. This epigraphic source, which is a testimony from the Augustan period, provides an insight into the environment of the city of Thyatira – the panorama of gods and local structures. Moreover, SEG 49,1706 also bears witness to a beginning emperor worship that is integrated into the religious, political and economic structures of the city. The urban environment of the assembly of Thyatira, e. g. accessibly through the epigraphic source, sheds new light on the texts of the book of Revelation. 

Hans Förster, "Antijüdische Polemik oder innerjüdischer Diskurs? Eine kritische Lektüre der Zinsgroschenperikope (Lk 20,[19]20-26) in der Version der revidierten Einheitsübersetzung," 35-54 
The article presents an analysis of the Lukan version of the question whether it is allowed to pay taxes to the emperor. The analysis shows that the translation could be far less anti-Jewish/ anti-Semitic. It appears that problematic translational choices have been supported by widely used theological dictionaries. 

Christoph Niemand, "Das Osterkerygma als Ansage der Heilszeit: Grundelemente der urkirchlichen Eschatologie und ihre Wiedergabe in den Verkündigungsreden von Apg 2 und 3," 55-123
This essay retraces the framework of early Christian eschatology as based on the message of Jesus’ resurrection. This is done by analysing the New Testament resurrection formula “God raised him/Jesus from the dead”. This primary eschatology, is it still visible in the first speeches of Peter that we read in Acts 2,14-42 (preaching at pentecost) and 3,12-26 (preaching in the temple)? 
A close reading of these two texts shows Luke remaining within the parameters of early Christian eschatology but nonetheless setting his own strong accents. In the pentecost speech there is missing the pivotal statement that the final “day of the Lord” would be no else but the day of Jesus Christ’s parousia. The speech in the temple uses a lot of early Jewish apocalyptical materials whose adaption to early Christian eschatological standards is strikingly scarce. In terms of reception aesthetics this invites to ask which effects the lack of parousia in Acts 2 and the archaisms in Acts 3 might have (had) in the minds of ancient (and modern) readers who were (or are) familiar with early Christian mainstream eschatology.

Wilhelm Pratscher, "Hegesipp: Leben – Werk – Bedeutung," 125-162 
Only fragments of Hegesippus’ Hypomnemata have been preserved, mainly in the work of Eusebius, who desribes him as a theologian interested in the mainline church. According to Eusebius, Hegesippus travels to Rome from the eastern parts of the Empire in the course of the self-discovery process of the church in the 2nd century and drafts the chain of tradition and succession of the Roman community at the time of the Roman bishop Anicetus. In addition to this, his information about the early history of the Jewish Christians is highly interesting. His lack of knowledge of early Judaism allows us to assume, that Hegesippus was a Gentile Christian. 

Karl Matthias Schmidt, "Rendezvous mit dem Kammerdiener: Indizien für eine verdeckte Anspielung auf den Tod Domitians in Apg 12,20," 163-202 
The mentioning of the chamberlain Blastos in Acts 12:20 can be understood as a reference to the murder of Domitian (96 A.D.) with support of his chamberlain Parthenius, if Act 12:20–24 is interpreted in the light of the criticism of the emperor’s foreign and domestic policy. In the eyes of some contemporaries, this policy designated Domitian as a Nero novus. By shaping Agrippa’s appearance the author of Acts satirized Nero and Domitian for questioning the Roman emperor and his veneration. 

Karoline Totsche, "Mt 7,4b und verwandte Formulierungen im Lichte der nordwestsemitischen Nominalsatzsyntax," 203-214
This essay will contribute to the discussion regarding the Semitic background of some parts of the New Testament by examining a syntactic phenomenon which, until now, has been unremarked by New Testament studies. The theoretical background is the nominal-clause theory developed by Diethelm Michel and its continuation by his students. Based on Matt 7,4b, the key-phrase to this research, it will be shown that this phrase as well as some further related phrases (Matt 24,23; Luke 22,21; Acts 5,9; 13,11; Rev 21,3, but none in Mark, John or in the Letters) adhere to a specific pattern of Northwest Semitic nominal clauses: namely a nominal-clause with two definite core constituents with the word order Mubtada (M)–Chabar (Ch) after הנה) cf. e. g. Gen 16,6).