Εμφάνιση αναρτήσεων με ετικέτα ευαγγέλια. Εμφάνιση όλων των αναρτήσεων
Εμφάνιση αναρτήσεων με ετικέτα ευαγγέλια. Εμφάνιση όλων των αναρτήσεων

Πέμπτη 26 Μαρτίου 2026

Biblische Notizen 208 (2026)

 Biblische Notizen 208 (2026)

  • Timothy Yap, "The Body, Sickness, and the Bible," 3-4
  • Timothy Yap, "Let the Body Do the Talking: The Rhetorical Use of Body Parts in 2 Samuel 4," 5-18 (abstract)
  • Timothy Yap, "Body Shaming or Body Honoring? The Function of Elisha’s Body in the Book of Kings," 19-31 (abstract)
  • Gregory Goswell, "Hezekiah’s Sickness in 2 Kings 20," 33-46 (abstract)
  • Ched Spellman, "The Narrative Function of Sickness in Chronicles," 47-58 (abstract)
  • Paul Himes, "Sweat, Suffering, and Triumph (Luke 22,43-44): Jesus’ Body in the Garden and Luke’s Emphasis on Physicality," 59-75 (abstract)
  • Esther Yue L. Ng, "Illness and God in the Gospels,"  77-105 (abstract)

Οι γυναίκες, ο άδειος τάφος και οι ευαγγελικές αφηγήσεις της ανάστασης / The Women, the Empty Tomb, and the Gospel Narratives of the Resurrection

Το πρόσφατο άρθρο της Adele Reinhartz στο TheTorah.com (“Easter with the Women at Jesus’ Empty Tomb: The Four Gospels”) μάς δίνει μια καλή αφορμή να ξαναδούμε ένα από τα πιο γνωστά και ταυτόχρονα πιο πολυσυζητημένα πασχαλινά θέματα: τις γυναίκες στον άδειο τάφο του Ιησού. Η βασική αρετή του άρθρου είναι ότι συγκρίνει συνοπτικά και καθαρά τις τέσσερις ευαγγελικές αφηγήσεις, δείχνοντας ότι, ενώ όλες κινούνται γύρω από έναν κοινό πυρήνα, διαφέρουν αισθητά στις λεπτομέρειες, στην αφηγηματική έμφαση και στη θεολογική στόχευση.

Κοινό σημείο και των τεσσάρων ευαγγελίων είναι ότι πρώτες στον τάφο φτάνουν γυναίκες, με σταθερή παρουσία τη Μαρία τη Μαγδαληνή. Από εκεί και πέρα, όμως, οι διαφορές είναι σημαντικές. Στον Μάρκο, οι γυναίκες έρχονται για να αλείψουν το σώμα του Ιησού και φεύγουν με φόβο και τρόμο, χωρίς να πουν τίποτε σε κανέναν. Στον Ματθαίο, η σκηνή είναι πιο θριαμβευτική: σεισμός, άγγελος, φόβος αλλά και χαρά, και τελικά συνάντηση με τον αναστημένο Ιησού. Ο Λουκάς τονίζει περισσότερο την αμηχανία και τη δυσπιστία των μαθητών απέναντι στη γυναικεία μαρτυρία. Ο Ιωάννης, τέλος, εστιάζει σχεδόν εξ ολοκλήρου στη Μαρία τη Μαγδαληνή και μετατρέπει τη σκηνή σε μια βαθιά προσωπική συνάντηση αναγνώρισης: «Μαρία! – Ραββουνί!»

Δεν είναι τυχαίο ότι τα ερωτήματα αυτά απασχόλησαν έντονα και την αρχαία Εκκλησία. Η χειρόγραφη και ερμηνευτική παράδοση διασώζει κείμενα που επιχειρούν να διευκρινίσουν πόσες Μαρίες πήγαν στον τάφο, ποιες ακριβώς γυναίκες συμμετείχαν, πότε έφτασαν και πώς μπορούν να συνδυαστούν οι επιμέρους ευαγγελικές μαρτυρίες. Το γεγονός αυτό δείχνει ότι οι διαφορές των αφηγήσεων έγιναν πολύ νωρίς αντιληπτές και προκάλεσαν ερμηνευτική εργασία ήδη μέσα στην εκκλησιαστική παράδοση.

Το άρθρο σωστά αναδεικνύει ότι οι αφηγήσεις αυτές δεν είναι απλές παραλλαγές του ίδιου επεισοδίου, αλλά ξεχωριστές θεολογικές συνθέσεις. Ιδιαίτερα ενδιαφέρουσα είναι η παρατήρηση για τον Ιωάννη, όπου η σκηνή στον κήπο ίσως ενεργοποιεί συνειρμούς τόσο από την Εδέμ όσο και από το Άσμα Ασμάτων. Η αναζήτηση του αγαπημένου, ο κήπος, η αδυναμία άμεσης αναγνώρισης και η κίνηση προσέγγισης δημιουργούν πράγματι ένα πλούσιο διακειμενικό πεδίο.

Ωστόσο, εδώ ακριβώς χρειάζεται και κάποια προσοχή. Η λογοτεχνική και συμβολική ανάγνωση του Ιωάννη είναι γόνιμη, αλλά δεν πρέπει εύκολα να μετατρέπεται σε υπερβολικά τολμηρές υποθέσεις. Η σύνδεση με το Άσμα Ασμάτων μπορεί να φωτίσει τη σκηνή, όχι όμως να την εγκλωβίσει σε ένα σχήμα που ξεπερνά τις πραγματικές ενδείξεις του κειμένου. Εδώ, όμως, ανακύπτει το εξής ερώτημα: μέχρι ποίου σημείου είναι πειστική η διακειμενική σύνδεση του Ιω 20 με το Άσμα Ασμάτων; Πρόκειται για ισχυρή λογοτεχνική ένδειξη ή για μια ενδιαφέρουσα αλλά πιο ελεύθερη ερμηνευτική πρόταση; Με άλλα λόγια, το κέρδος του άρθρου βρίσκεται κυρίως στο ότι μας καλεί να διαβάσουμε πιο προσεκτικά τις αφηγήσεις της Ανάστασης ως κείμενα με δική τους φωνή.

Ίσως αυτό να είναι και το σημαντικότερο μήνυμα: το γεγονός της Ανάστασης δεν μας παραδίδεται σε μία μόνο «ουδέτερη» αφήγηση, αλλά μέσα από τέσσερις διαφορετικές μαρτυρίες, στις οποίες οι γυναίκες κατέχουν σημαίνουσα θέση ως οι πρώτες που βλέπουν, αναζητούν τον Ιησού και αναγγέλλουν τον κενό τάφο. Και φυσικά εδώ το ερώτημα παραμένει ανοικτό: γιατί οι γυναίκες κατέχουν τόσο κεντρική θέση στις ευαγγελικές αφηγήσεις του άδειου τάφου; Πώς ερμηνεύεται αυτή η έμφαση μέσα στο κοινωνικό και πολιτισμικό πλαίσιο της εποχής, αν μάλιστα λάβουμε υπόψη ότι σε μια αρχαιότερη ομολογία πίστεως, στο 1 Κορ 15, οι γυναίκες απουσιάζουν εκκωφαντικά;

Adele Reinhartz, "Easter with the Women at Jesus’ Empty Tomb: The Four Gospels"

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[ENG

The recent article by Adele Reinhartz in TheTorah.com (“Easter with the Women at Jesus’ Empty Tomb: The Four Gospels”) gives us a good opportunity to revisit one of the best-known and at the same time most debated Easter themes: the women at Jesus’ empty tomb. The article’s main strength lies in the fact that it compares the four Gospel accounts in a concise and clear way, showing that, although they all revolve around a common core, they differ significantly in detail, narrative emphasis, and theological orientation.

A common feature of all four Gospels is that women are the first to arrive at the tomb, with Mary Magdalene as a constant presence. Beyond that, however, the differences are significant. In Mark, the women come to anoint Jesus’ body and leave in fear and trembling, saying nothing to anyone. In Matthew, the scene is more triumphant: an earthquake, an angel, fear but also joy, and finally an encounter with the risen Jesus. Luke places greater emphasis on the bewilderment and disbelief of the disciples in response to the women’s testimony. John, finally, focuses almost entirely on Mary Magdalene and turns the scene into a deeply personal moment of recognition: “Mary!” – “Rabbouni!”

It is no coincidence that these questions also deeply concerned the early Church. The manuscript and interpretive tradition preserves texts that attempt to clarify how many Marys went to the tomb, which women exactly were involved, when they arrived, and how the individual Gospel testimonies might be brought into harmony. This shows that the differences among the accounts were noticed very early and already gave rise to interpretive work within the ecclesiastical tradition.

The article rightly highlights that these accounts are not simple variations of the same episode, but distinct theological compositions. Particularly interesting is its observation about John, where the garden scene may evoke associations both with Eden and with the Song of Songs. The search for the beloved, the garden, the initial failure of recognition, and the movement of approach do indeed create a rich intertextual field.

At this point, however, some caution is needed. John’s literary and symbolic reading is fruitful, but it should not too easily be turned into overly bold hypotheses. The connection with the Song of Songs may illuminate the scene, but it should not confine it within a framework that goes beyond the actual indications of the text. Here, then, the following question arises: to what extent is the intertextual connection between John 20 and the Song of Songs convincing? Are we dealing with a strong literary signal, or with an interesting but more open-ended interpretive proposal? In other words, the article’s real value lies above all in the fact that it invites us to read the resurrection accounts more carefully as texts with voices of their own.

Perhaps this is also its most important message: the event of the Resurrection is not handed down to us in a single “neutral” narrative, but through four different testimonies, in which women occupy a significant place as the first to see, seek, and announce the empty tomb. And of course the question remains open: why do women occupy such a central place in the Gospel accounts of the empty tomb? How should this emphasis be interpreted within the social and cultural context of the time, especially if we take into account that in an earlier confessional tradition, in 1 Cor 15, women are strikingly absent?

Adele Reinhartz, "Easter with the Women at Jesus’ Empty Tomb: The Four Gospels"

Κυριακή 1 Μαρτίου 2026

Στο τρέχον τεύχος του Sacris Erudiri / In the current issue of Sacris Erudiri

 Sacris Erudiri 63/1 (2024)

  • Robert G. T. Edwards, "Interpreting the Oracles of the Lord. Commentary on Jesus’ Words in the Long Second Century," 9-23 (abstract)
  • R. W. Burgess, "'How Many Years Were There from Creation to the Present Day?' A Historiographical Study of the Anonymous Liber Generationis (Synagoge)," 25-98 (abstract)
  • Lukas J. Dorfbauer, "Ein unbekannter Kommentar zu den Katholischen Briefen aus hibernolateinischer Tradition," 165-222 (abstract)

Παρασκευή 16 Ιανουαρίου 2026

To τρέχον τεύχος του Biblical Interpretation / The current issue of Biblical Interpretation

Biblical Interpretation 33 4/5 (2025)

Special Issue: Twenty More Years of Bible and Film 

  • Brandon R. Grafius, Eric X. Jarrard, Adele Reinhartz, and Rebekah Welton, "Twenty More Years of Bible and Film: An Introduction," 299-313 (OA)
  • Robert A. Kranz, "The Perils of Jephthah’s Daughter: Biblical Films as Social Problem-Solving Operations," 315–337 (abstract)
  • Nicholas J. Schaser, "The Wind Blows Where It Wishes: Metalepsis and the Gospel of John in Robert Bresson’s A Man Escaped," 338–355 (abstract)
  • Melody D. Knowles, "Trust and Type in Jesus Films:  Playing with Expectations in Son of Man and Das neue Evangelium," 356–376 (abstract)
  • Grace Emmett, "Re-forming Romans with First Reformed," 377–397 (abstract)
  • Ryan Higgins, "Impious Frauds: Found Footage Horror and the Book of Deuteronomy," 398–417 (abstract)
  • Rebekah Welton, "The Monster, Delilah and Liberation in The Shape of Water," 418–439 (OA)
  • Brandon R. Grafius, "Us and the Tethered of Genesis," 440–457 (abstract)
  • Eric X. Jarrard, "Get Out of Eden! Jordan Peele and the Horrific Afterlife of Creation," 458–482 (abstract)

Δευτέρα 22 Μαΐου 2023

Στο τρέχον τεύχος του JECS / In the current issue of JECS

 Journal of Early Christian Studies 31/1 (2023)

  • M. David Litwa, "Deification and Defecation: Valentinus Fragment 3 and the Physiology of Jesus’s Digestion," 1-18 (abstract)
  • Vít Hušek, "In Search of Clement of Alexandria’s Hypotyposes, " 19-31 (abstract)
  • Elizabeth Sunshine Koroma, "Imprecatory Psalms as Prophecy: How John Chrysostom’s Commentary on the Psalms Addresses the Moral Problem of Anger,"  33-56 (abstract)
  • Jeremiah Coogan, "Reading (in) a Quadriform Cosmos: Gospel Books in the Early Christian Bibliographic Imagination," 85-103 (open access)

Τετάρτη 24 Αυγούστου 2022

Στο τρέχον τεύχος του KuD / In the current issue of KuD

 Kerygma und Dogma 68/2 (2022)

Silke Petersen, "Familie, Ehebruch, Ehescheidung und neue Beziehungen in der Jesusbewegung:  Überlegungen zur (Nicht-)Aktualität frühchristlicher Überlieferungen," 93-114 (abstract)

Δευτέρα 3 Ιανουαρίου 2022

Το τρέχον τεύχος του Novum Testamentum / The current issue of Novum Testamentum

 Novum Testamentum 64/1 (2022)

  • Barry L. Blackburn, "The Meaning of a Matthean Redaction: Ἀπ’ ἄρτι in Matthew 26:64," 1-17 (abstract)
  • Thomas Tops, "A Philological Study of the Reflexive-Possessive Use of Personal Pronouns in the Fourth Gospel," 18–35 (abstract)
  • W. Gil Shin, "The Double Entendre of Paul’s Trade as σκηνοποιός (Acts 18:3): Working for Israel’s Restoration in the Greco-Roman World," 36–53 (abstract)
  • Richard Last, "Paul among the Fluent in Corinth: Introducing Paul and the “Associated Behaviours” of Stuttering into the Study of Dysfluency in Antiquity," 54–78 (abstract)
  • Ryan S. Schellenberg, "'Making My Prayer with Joy': Epistolary Prayer as Emotional Practice in Philippians and 1 Thessalonians," 79–98 (abstract)
  • Michael Bachmann, "Die Christus-Metapher „Widderlamm“: Beobachtungen zum Terminus ἀρνίον der Johannesoffenbarung," 99–114 (abstract)
  • Andrew J. Patton, "Greek Catenae and the 'Western' Order of the Gospels," 115–129 

Πέμπτη 16 Δεκεμβρίου 2021

Το τρέχον τεύχος του BTB / The current issue of BTB

 Biblical Theology Bulletin 51/4 (2021)

  • Bossman David, "Presenting the Issue: The Lived Canons: A Dedication for James A. Sanders," 194–195
  • David Davage, "A Canon of Psalms in the Dead Sea Scrolls? Revisiting the Qumran Psalms Hypothesis," 196–205 (abstract)
  • Craig A. Evans, "Celebrating Victory from the Sea of Reeds to the Eschatological Battle Field: Miriam’s Timbrels and Dances in Exodus 15 and Beyond,"  206–214 (abstract)
  • William Yarchin, "The Book of Daniel as Witness to the Pluriform Bible," 215–225 (abstract)
  • Lawrence H. Schiffman, "Jewish Law in the Gospels in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls," 226–233 (abstract)
  • Robert Gnuse, "Scripture in Context: James A. Sanders’ Contributions to Biblical Studies," 234–243

Πέμπτη 4 Νοεμβρίου 2021

Tο τρέχον τεύχος του BBR / The current issue of BBR

 Bulletin of Biblical Research 31/3 (2021)

  • Benjamin J. Noonan, "On the Efficacy of the Atoning Sacrifices: A Biblical Theology of Sacrifice from Leviticus," 285-318 (abstract)
  • Michael B. Metts, "Philology and the Last Supper: A Lesson from Qur’an Prehistory for Gospel Prehistory?" 319-355 (abstract)
  • Jared M. August, "'Casting Lots'? An Alternate Reading of Acts 1:26," 356-367 (abstract)
  • Johnathan F. Harris, "'I Will Give You' What? and Whose? A Christological Interpretation of Isaiah 55:3 in Acts 13:34," 368-390 (abstract)

Κυριακή 14 Φεβρουαρίου 2021

Open access: ένας νέος συλλογικός τόμος για τους Κανόνες του Ευσεβίου / Open access: a new volume on Eusebius' Canon Tables

 Alessandro Bausi, Bruno Reudenbach and Hanna Wimmer (επιμ.), Canones: The Art of Harmony: The Canon Tables of the Four Gospels. Studies in Manuscript Cultures, 18. Berlin: deGruyter 2020 (pdf / epub)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110625844

Τρίτη 9 Φεβρουαρίου 2021

Άρθρα βιβλικού ενδιαφέροντος στα τελευταία τεύχη του PRSt / Articles of biblical interest in the last issues of PRSt

Perspectives in Religious Studies 47/3 (2020)

Ivan Bankhead, "The Dual Impairments of the “Paralytic” of the Synoptic Gospels," 267–82
The “paralytic” who was lowered through a roof into Jesus’ presence is commonly seen as having been an adult, lame, and cognitively unimpaired. From a review of key contemporary medical writings and a critical and rational reading of the three Synoptic accounts of the incident, other NT narratives and two recent portrayals of the paralytic, this paper constructs a case for his having been envisioned originally as profoundly impaired mentally as well as physically. It shows how this reading can resolve several otherwise problematic issues within the accounts and concludes by suggesting that vicarious faith may prove efficacious for persons with profound intellectual disabilities today.

Rodney K. Duke, "The Idiom of 'Weeping and Gnashing of Teeth' in the Gospels: A Funerary Formula," 283–98
Τhis article examines the idiom of weeping and gnashing of teeth that occurs in Matthew and Luke. This idiom does not support a popular conclusion that the recipients of judgment existed in a continued state of anguish. After identifying some common presuppositions that readers often impose on the interpretation of this and other NT eschatological, judgment texts, the article turns to a fresh look at the idiom in context. I examine the two actions of weeping and gnashing of teeth as a single idiom, not separately. The idiom occurs in an independent clause with set formulaic wording. That formula does not express an action of those receiving judgment. They are dead. Drawing on Ugaritic parallels, the author concludes that idiom was likely a funerary expression in the mouth of mourners and functions in the Gospels as a literary motif for death.

Carey C. Newman, "Paul on God and Glory," 299–316

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Perspectives in Religious Studies 47/4 (2020)

Mark McEntire,  "Competing Visions of the Wilderness in Numbers 10–21," 367–83

Numbers 10–21 is a combination of three wilderness traditions that can be adequately separated by procedures common to the Neo-Documentary Hypothesis. The test of applying a source-critical evaluation is threefold here. First, do the three separate accounts each exhibit a high degree of narrative coherence? Second, can asking a question related to the larger biblical narrative yield a distinctive answer from each narrative? This question will be: How does the wilderness story understand the place to which the Israelites are travelling?  Finally, can the answers to this question shed light on how the accounts were used to create single narrative?


Nijay Gupta, "Reconstructing Junia’s Imprisonment: Examining a Neglected Pauline Comment in Romans 16:7," 385–97
The person called “Junia” in Romans 16:7 has been the subject of extensive research, discussion, and debate for several decades, but especially for the last twenty years. Most of that scholarship has focused on Junia’s sex and whether or not Paul was referring to Junia as an apostle. One of the unfortunate and unintended consequences of the narrow focus on Junia’s sex and apostleship is the academic neglect of Paul’s mention of Junia’s imprisonment 3 (συναιχμαλώτους μου). This article seeks to fill that lacuna by imagining or reconstructing the situation and circumstances of the incarceration of which Paul mentions. Very little Pauline scholarship has considered the circumstances of Paul’s prison companions. Even less has there been consideration of the challenges faced by women who were detained. In the hopes that such an imaginative exercise would contribute to a better understanding of the experience of women in early Christianity, we will consider several factors including: crimes leading to imprisonment, the conditions of imprisonment, the experience of women in particular in Roman confinement, and the (potential) survival and after effects of female prisoners.

Carey C. Newman, "Paul on Christ and Glory, " 399–413

Δευτέρα 28 Δεκεμβρίου 2020

Στο τρέχον τεύχος του JTI / In the current issue of JTI

 Journal of Theological Interpretation 14/2 (2020)

  • Brad East, "What Are the Standards of Excellence for Theological Interpretation of Scripture?" 149-179 (abstract)
  • Matthew Y. Emerson, "Land, Burial, and Temple: Deuteronomy 30:5, John 19–20, and the Burial of Jesus as a Land Claim ," 180-198 (abstract)
  • John Savoie, "'What Is Written? How Do You Read It?' Tracking P and J in Genesis the Gospels," 199-212 (abstract)
  • R. W. L. Moberly, "The Coming at Cockcrow: A Reading of Mark 13:32–37," 213-225 (abstract)
  • David Andrew Smith, "Acts and the Praxis of Early Christian Ecumenism," 226-245 (abstract)

 



Δευτέρα 23 Νοεμβρίου 2020

Στο τρέχον τεύχος του NRT / In the current issue of NRT

 Nouvelle Revue Théologique 142/4 (2020)

  • Jean-Pierre Sonnet s.j., "Le gardien des espèces. Gn 1,28 dans le contexte du Covid-19 : un texte prémonitoire," 529-541 (abstract)
  • Matthieu Bernard, "Comment dire l’Évangile ? Quelques réflexions sur le langage paulinien," 559-577 (abstract)

Πέμπτη 3 Σεπτεμβρίου 2020

Στο τρέχον τεύχος του ASE / In the current issue of ASE

 Annali di storia dell' esegesi 37/1 (2020)

Die Rezeptionsgechichte des Jona-Buches in christlicher Literatur

  • Manuel Vogel, "Menschensohn und Jonazeichen: Exegetische und theologische Beobachtungen zu Mt 12,28-42 / Lk 11,29-32," 13-28
  • Katharina Bracht, "Die Rezeption des Jona-Buches bei Hieronymus von Stridon: Der Jona-Kommentar als heteronomer Text," 29-52
  • Boško Erić, "Prophet Jonah and the Ninevites in the Madrashe on Virginity by Ephrem the Syrian," 53-72
  • Rodoljub Kubat, "Reception of the Book of Jonah in the Exegesis of Theodore of Mopsuestia," 73-88
  • Dragan Radic, "The Reception of the Book of Jonah by Theodoret of Cyrus," 89-100
  • Ivaylo Naydenov, "Jona im orthodoxen Gottesdienst," 101-108
  • Eva-Maria Gummelt, "Reception History and its Value—a German Lutheran View," 109-120
  • Cosmin Pricop, "Bibel-Rezeption durch liturgische Texte: Das Beispiel des orthodoxen Verlobungsgottesdienstes," 121-136
  • Moschos Goutzioudis, "The Narrative of Jesus’ Baptism and its Reception in the Worship of the Church," 137-150
  • Darko Krstić, "Stephan Nemanja, Ruler and Seer. The Reception of Apocalyptic Visions in Purpose of the Theological Articulation of “translatio imperii” in the Hagiography of Saint Symeon by Stephan II Nemanjic (the First-Crowned)," 151-164
  • Vladan Tatalović, "The Reception of Jesus’ First Sign in Serbian Medieval Fresco Painting," 165-170

Early Christianity

  • Jan Bremmer, "Early Christians in Corinth (A.D. 50–200): Religious Insiders or Outsiders?" 181-202

Τρίτη 4 Αυγούστου 2020

Nέα άρθρα στο τρέχον τεύχος του Open Theology / New articles of biblical interest in the current issue of Open Theology

Open Theology 6/1 (2020)
  • Cat Quine, "Bereaved Mothers and Masculine Queens: The Political Use of Maternal Grief in 1–2 Kings," 407-421 (abstract)
  • Zdeňka Špiclová and Vojtěch Kaše, "Distant Reading of the Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of John: Reflection of Methodological Aspects of the Use of Digital Technologies in the Research of Biblical Texts," 423-439 (abstract)
  • Andrew B. Perrin, "Greek Gospels and Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls: Compositional, Conceptual, and Cultural Intersections," 440-456 (abstract)


Πέμπτη 30 Ιουλίου 2020

Οι πρώτοι χριστιανοί κι η καταστροφή του Ναού / Early Christians and the Temple destruction

O Eyal Regev (Bar-Ilan University) απαντά στο ερώτημα εάν και κατά πόσο ο Ναός κι η καταστροφή του άγγιξε τη δεύτερη και τρίτη γενιά χριστιανών. Ανατρέχοντας στα ίδια τα κείμενα της Καινής Διαθήκης ο Regev υποστηρίζει ότι οι πρώτοι χριστιανοί εξακολουθούσαν να αισθάνονται ισχυρούς τους δεσμούς με το Ναό κι η μνήμη του συνέχισε να καθορίζει σε πολλά σημεία τη νέα τους ζωή.